World Moebius Syndrome Day: Raising Awareness for a Rare Condition

January 24 has been established as World Moebius Syndrome Day, a day dedicated to bringing a rare congenital neurological disease to public and medical attention. The syndrome manifests from birth with bilateral facial paralysis and an inability to move the eyes sideways. Globally, hundreds of cases have been documented, although the actual number is likely higher due to underdiagnosis. In addition to facial paralysis and a lack of lateral eye movement, many people with Moebius syndrome have oral and maxillofacial malformations, such as a short or altered tongue, cleft palate, micrognathia, and dental problems. Care requires the coordinated involvement of Pediatrics, Neurology, Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, Physical Therapy, and other disciplines. This neurological condition not only limits facial expression but also interferes with motor functions, speech, and social interaction. Moebius syndrome originates from the incomplete development of the sixth (abducens) and seventh (facial) cranial nerves, essential for horizontal eye movement and facial expressions. Internationally, organizations like the Moebius Syndrome Foundation continue to lead efforts in awareness, resource dissemination, and strengthening support communities. These initiatives include community activities, educational materials, and the use of the color purple as a symbol of visibility and solidarity. Diagnosis of Moebius syndrome is based on the clinical observation of bilateral facial paralysis and the absence of lateral eye movements, along with monitoring neuromotor development and identifying associated malformations. Since 2011, the date has been promoted by organizations like the Moebius Syndrome Foundation and Many Faces of Moebius Syndrome (MFOMS), which drive information, education, and support campaigns for families, patients, and healthcare professionals. International estimates indicate that this condition occurs in 2 to 20 births per million, making it one of the rarest diseases. In countries like Spain, an approximate prevalence of one case per 500,000 inhabitants and an annual incidence of about one per 115,000 newborns have been calculated. Although there is no curative treatment, the approach focuses on therapeutic interventions for feeding, speech, and mobility issues, as well as support strategies for social and educational integration.